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Picrorhiza (Picrorhiza kurroa)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Scrophulariaceae
  • Common Names: Kutki, Picrorhiza, Katuka
  • Parts Used: Root, Rhizome

Description

Picrorhiza kurroa, commonly known as Kutki, is a perennial herb native to the Himalayan region. It has been extensively used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for liver protection, immune modulation, and digestive health. The root and rhizome contain potent bitter compounds that support detoxification and inflammation reduction.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in Ayurveda as a hepatoprotective herb to support liver function.
  • Traditionally employed for digestive disorders, jaundice, and bile regulation.
  • Used in Unani medicine for fever, respiratory infections, and skin diseases.
  • Considered a natural adaptogen with immune-modulating effects.

Constituents

  • Iridoid glycosides (picroside I, picroside II, kutkoside)
  • Apocynin
  • Flavonoids
  • Tannins
  • Cucurbitacins

Actions

  • Hepatoprotective (Liver tonic)
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Immunomodulatory
  • Bitter tonic
  • Cholagogue (Stimulates bile production)
  • Antioxidant

Medicinal Uses

1. Liver Support and Detoxification:
Kutki is one of the most effective Ayurvedic herbs for liver protection, aiding in conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease.

2. Digestive Health:
Its bitter compounds help stimulate digestion, relieve indigestion, and regulate bile secretion.

3. Immune System Modulation:
Acts as an adaptogen, balancing the immune response and helping with autoimmune conditions.

4. Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
Used for inflammatory conditions, including arthritis and skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis.

5. Fever and Respiratory Support:
Traditionally used to manage chronic fevers and respiratory infections, especially in cases of bronchitis and asthma.

Preparation and Dosage

Decoction (Tea from Root/Rhizome):

  • ½ to 1 tsp of dried root per cup of water. Simmer for 15 minutes. Drink up to twice daily.

Tincture:

  • 2-5 ml taken up to twice daily.

Powder:

  • 250-500 mg taken in capsules or mixed with honey, up to twice daily.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Avoid use due to its potential bile-stimulating effects.
  • Low Blood Pressure: May lower blood pressure; use with caution if hypotensive.
  • Gallbladder Issues: Avoid in cases of gallstones or bile duct obstruction.
  • Autoimmune Conditions: May modulate immune function; consult a healthcare provider before use.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Ayurveda: Cooling and bitter; balances Pitta and Kapha, but may aggravate Vata.
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Clears heat, supports liver and lung meridians, and detoxifies blood.
  • Traditional Western Herbalism: Used as a liver tonic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Combinations

  • For Liver Health: Combine with milk thistle and dandelion root.
  • For Immune Support: Combine with ashwagandha and licorice.
  • For Digestive Support: Combine with ginger and fennel.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Roots are collected when mature and dried for medicinal use.
  • Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.
  • Storage: Store dried roots and powders in airtight containers away from moisture and heat.

Modern Research

Studies confirm Picrorhiza kurroa’s hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties, reinforcing its traditional applications.

Kutki remains a highly valued herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for liver health, immune support, and digestive wellness. Due to its potency, it should be used in moderation and under professional guidance.