Mastic Tree (Pistacia lentiscus)

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Botanical Information

• Family: Anacardiaceae
• Common Names: Mastic Tree, Lentisk, Chios Mastic
• Parts Used: Resin (Mastic Gum), Leaves, Bark

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Description

Pistacia lentiscus, commonly known as the Mastic Tree, is a small evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean region. The resin, known as mastic gum, has been used for thousands of years for digestive health, oral care, and respiratory support. It is highly valued for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective properties.

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Historical and Traditional Uses

• Used in Ancient Greece and the Middle East for digestive disorders, including ulcers and indigestion.
• Traditionally chewed as a natural gum for oral hygiene and fresh breath.
• Employed in Mediterranean folk medicine to support respiratory and liver health.
• Used topically for wound healing and skin conditions.

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Constituents

• Essential oils (α-pinene, myrcene, limonene)
• Resin acids
• Polyphenols
• Flavonoids
• Tannins

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Actions

• Gastroprotective
• Antimicrobial
• Anti-inflammatory
• Astringent
• Expectorant
• Antioxidant

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Medicinal Uses

1. Digestive Health:
Mastic gum is widely used for gastritis, acid reflux, ulcers, and Helicobacter pylori infections.

2. Oral and Dental Care:
Traditionally chewed to freshen breath, strengthen gums, and prevent cavities.

3. Respiratory Support:
Acts as an expectorant and antimicrobial agent for coughs, bronchitis, and sinus infections.

4. Liver Support and Detoxification:
Used to promote liver function and aid in detoxification.

5. Wound Healing and Skin Health:
Applied topically to heal wounds, burns, and inflammatory skin conditions.

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Preparation and Dosage

Mastic Gum (Chewed):

• Chew a small piece (about 500 mg) daily for oral and digestive health.

Infusion (Tea from Leaves or Resin):

• 1 tsp of crushed resin or leaves per cup of hot water. Steep for 10 minutes. Drink up to twice daily.

Tincture:

• 2-5 ml taken up to twice daily.

Topical Use:

• Mastic resin or oil can be applied to wounds, gum infections, or inflamed skin.

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Precautions and Contraindications

• Pregnancy and Lactation: Use with caution; consult a healthcare provider.
• Allergic Reactions: Individuals allergic to the Anacardiaceae family (e.g., pistachios, mangoes) should use with caution.
• High Doses: Excessive consumption may cause mild digestive discomfort.

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Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

• Traditional Mediterranean Medicine: Warming and drying; supports digestion and respiratory health.
• Ayurveda: Balancing for Kapha and Vata, but may aggravate Pitta in excess.
• Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Clears dampness, moves Qi, and supports the Lung and Stomach meridians.

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Combinations

• For Digestive Health: Combine with licorice and ginger.
• For Oral Care: Combine with myrrh and clove.
• For Respiratory Support: Combine with thyme and eucalyptus.

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Harvesting and Storage

• Harvesting: Resin is collected from tree bark incisions and dried for medicinal use.
• Drying: Air dry resin pieces in a clean, dry environment.
• Storage: Store dried resin and leaves in airtight containers away from heat and moisture.

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Modern Research

Studies confirm Pistacia lentiscus’s gastroprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, reinforcing its traditional applications.

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Mastic Tree remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for digestive, oral, and respiratory health.