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Polygala (Polygala vulgaris)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Polygalaceae
  • Common Names: Common Milkwort, Bitter Milkwort
  • Parts Used: Aerial parts, Root

Description

Polygala vulgaris, commonly known as Common Milkwort, is a perennial herb native to Europe and parts of Asia. It has a long history of use in traditional herbal medicine, particularly for respiratory health, nervous system support, and digestive wellness. The root contains saponins that contribute to its expectorant and adaptogenic properties.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in European folk medicine as a remedy for respiratory issues, coughs, and bronchitis.
  • Traditionally employed as a digestive and liver tonic.
  • Used as a mild sedative to calm nervousness and promote relaxation.
  • Historically given to nursing mothers to support lactation.

Constituents

  • Saponins
  • Alkaloids
  • Flavonoids
  • Tannins
  • Essential oils

Actions

  • Expectorant
  • Nervine (Calming to the nervous system)
  • Digestive stimulant
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Galactagogue (Supports lactation)
  • Mild sedative

Medicinal Uses

1. Respiratory Health:
Polygala is used as an expectorant to help clear mucus from the lungs and support respiratory conditions such as coughs, colds, and bronchitis.

2. Nervous System Support:
Traditionally used to relieve stress, anxiety, and mild insomnia due to its calming properties.

3. Digestive Aid:
Stimulates digestion and supports liver function, helping with sluggish digestion and bloating.

4. Lactation Support:
Historically used to promote milk production in nursing mothers.

5. Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
May help with mild inflammatory conditions and muscle tension.

Preparation and Dosage

Infusion (Tea from Aerial Parts):

  • 1-2 tsp of dried herb per cup of hot water. Steep for 10 minutes. Drink up to twice daily.

Tincture:

  • 2-5 ml taken up to twice daily.

Poultice (Topical Use):

  • Crushed fresh leaves applied externally for mild skin irritation or inflammation.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Consult a healthcare provider before use.
  • Gastrointestinal Sensitivity: May cause mild stomach upset in sensitive individuals.
  • Drug Interactions: May enhance the effects of sedatives or nervous system relaxants.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Western Herbalism: Warming and drying; supports lung health, digestion, and relaxation.
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Strengthens Lung Qi, soothes the Liver, and clears dampness.
  • Ayurveda: Balances Vata and Kapha, but may increase Pitta in excess.

Combinations

  • For Respiratory Support: Combine with thyme and licorice root.
  • For Nervous System Support: Combine with skullcap and lemon balm.
  • For Digestive Health: Combine with ginger and fennel.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Aerial parts and roots are collected in summer and dried for medicinal use.
  • Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.
  • Storage: Store dried plant material in airtight containers away from moisture and heat.

Modern Research

Studies confirm Polygala vulgaris’s expectorant, nervine, and digestive-supporting properties, reinforcing its traditional applications.

Common Milkwort remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for respiratory, nervous system, and digestive health.