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Rauvolfia (Rauvolfia serpentina)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Apocynaceae
  • Common Names: Indian Snakeroot, Sarpagandha, Serpentine Root
  • Parts Used: Root, Bark

Description

Rauvolfia serpentina, commonly known as Indian snakeroot, is a tropical plant native to South and Southeast Asia. It has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for its sedative, antihypertensive, and calming properties. The plant contains alkaloids, including reserpine, which have been widely studied for their effects on the nervous system and cardiovascular health.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in Ayurveda for hypertension, insomnia, and mental disorders.
  • Traditionally employed as a sedative and anxiolytic for restlessness and agitation.
  • Used in Unani medicine for high blood pressure and nervous system imbalances.
  • Historically taken for snake bites and insect stings.

Constituents

  • Indole Alkaloids (Reserpine, Ajmaline, Serpentine)
  • Yohimbine-like compounds
  • Tannins
  • Flavonoids

Actions

  • Hypotensive (Lowers blood pressure)
  • Sedative
  • Anxiolytic
  • Cardiotonic
  • Antispasmodic
  • Antipsychotic

Medicinal Uses

1. Hypertension Management:
Rauvolfia is well known for its ability to lower blood pressure due to the action of reserpine on the nervous system.

2. Nervous System Support:
Traditionally used to calm anxiety, agitation, and insomnia.

3. Sedative Effects:
Helps promote relaxation and sleep in individuals with chronic stress or nervous tension.

4. Mental Health Applications:
Historically used for psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and manic disorders.

5. Cardiovascular Support:
Supports heart health by regulating blood pressure and reducing cardiac strain.

Preparation and Dosage

⚠️ Note: Due to its potent effects, Rauvolfia should only be used under professional supervision.

Decoction (Root Tea):

  • ½ to 1 tsp of dried root per cup of water. Simmer for 15-20 minutes. Drink up to twice daily.

Tincture:

  • 1-3 ml taken once or twice daily.

Capsules/Powder:

  • 100-250 mg per dose, taken under guidance.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Avoid use due to potential uterine stimulation.
  • Low Blood Pressure: Not recommended for individuals with hypotension.
  • Mental Health Conditions: May cause depressive symptoms in high doses; use with caution in individuals prone to depression.
  • Drug Interactions: May interact with antihypertensive and psychiatric medications.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Ayurveda: Cooling and grounding; balances Pitta and Vata, but may aggravate Kapha in excess.
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Clears heat, calms the Shen, and promotes circulation.
  • Traditional Western Herbalism: Used as a nervine and cardiovascular tonic.

Combinations

  • For Blood Pressure Support: Combine with hawthorn and garlic.
  • For Nervous System Balance: Combine with valerian and passionflower.
  • For Cardiovascular Health: Combine with motherwort and linden.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Roots are collected when mature, dried, and powdered for medicinal use.
  • Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.
  • Storage: Store dried roots and extracts in airtight containers away from moisture and heat.

Modern Research

Studies confirm Rauvolfia serpentina’s antihypertensive, sedative, and antipsychotic properties, reinforcing its traditional applications.

Indian Snakeroot remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for blood pressure regulation, nervous system support, and mental health balance. Due to its potency, it should be used cautiously and under professional supervision.