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Bupleurum (Bupleurum chinense syn. B. scorzoneraefolium)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Apiaceae
  • Common Names: Bupleurum, Chinese Thoroughwax, Hare’s Ear, Chai Hu (Chinese)
  • Parts Used: Root

Description

Bupleurum is a perennial herb native to East Asia, particularly China, where it has been a staple of traditional medicine for centuries. The plant has slender, lance-shaped leaves and small, yellowish-green flowers. Its long, fibrous root is the primary part used medicinally.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as a key herb for harmonizing the liver and treating “stagnant liver qi.”
  • Traditionally used to alleviate fever, inflammation, and digestive issues.
  • Combined with other herbs to treat colds, flu, and respiratory conditions.

Constituents

  • Saponins (saikosaponins)
  • Flavonoids
  • Coumarins
  • Polysaccharides
  • Essential oils

Actions

  • Hepatoprotective (liver-protecting)
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Adaptogenic
  • Antipyretic (fever-reducing)
  • Immunomodulatory
  • Antiviral

Medicinal Uses

1. Liver and Gallbladder Support:
Bupleurum is highly regarded for its ability to support liver health, detoxification, and bile production. It is commonly used in TCM to treat conditions like hepatitis, fatty liver, and gallbladder disorders.

2. Hormonal Balance and Menstrual Health:
Its ability to harmonize liver function makes it beneficial for relieving PMS, irregular menstruation, and hormonal imbalances.

3. Immune System Boost:
Bupleurum’s immunomodulatory properties help boost the body’s defenses against infections and illnesses, making it useful for colds, flu, and chronic fatigue.

4. Anti-inflammatory and Fever Reduction:
Traditionally used to reduce fevers and inflammation associated with infections, respiratory conditions, and autoimmune disorders.

5. Stress and Adaptogenic Effects:
As an adaptogen, Bupleurum helps the body cope with physical and emotional stress, supporting adrenal function and promoting overall vitality.

Preparation and Dosage

Decoction (Tea):

  • 1-2 tbsp of dried Bupleurum root per cup of water. Simmer for 20-30 minutes and drink 1-2 times daily.

Tincture:

  • 2-4 ml of Bupleurum tincture, taken 2-3 times daily.

Capsules:

  • 500-1,000 mg of powdered root per dose, taken 1-2 times daily.

Combination Formulas:

  • Commonly combined with other herbs in TCM formulas like Xiao Yao San (Free and Easy Wanderer) for liver stagnation and stress.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Avoid use during pregnancy without professional guidance.
  • Autoimmune Disorders: Use with caution, as its immune-boosting effects may aggravate certain autoimmune conditions.
  • Digestive Sensitivity: High doses may cause nausea or gastrointestinal discomfort.
  • Medication Interactions: May interact with immunosuppressants, anticoagulants, and medications affecting the liver.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Ayurvedic: Bupleurum is considered warming and detoxifying, useful for balancing vata and kapha while potentially aggravating pitta if overused.
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine: Classified as bitter and slightly acrid, it harmonizes the liver, disperses stagnant qi, and clears heat.

Combinations

  • For Liver Support: Combine with milk thistle and dandelion.
  • For Immune Boosting: Combine with astragalus and echinacea.
  • For Stress and Hormonal Balance: Combine with ashwagandha and black cohosh.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Roots are typically harvested in the autumn of the plant’s second or third year.
  • Drying: Wash and slice the roots, then dry them in a warm, well-ventilated area.
  • Storage: Store dried roots in an airtight container in a cool, dark place for up to a year.

Modern Research

Studies have confirmed Bupleurum’s hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing properties. Research is ongoing to explore its potential for treating liver diseases, autoimmune disorders, and stress-related conditions.

Bupleurum continues to be a cornerstone herb in traditional and modern herbal medicine, offering versatile support for liver health, immunity, and stress management.