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Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima syn. A. glandulosa)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Simaroubaceae
  • Common Names: Tree of Heaven, Chinese Sumac, Stinking Sumac
  • Parts Used: Bark, leaves, roots

Description

Ailanthus altissima is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to China but now widely naturalized in many parts of the world. It is known for its strong odor and resilience in various climates. Traditionally used in Chinese medicine, it is valued for its antimicrobial, astringent, and antispasmodic properties.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (as Chouchun) for treating dysentery and gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Employed for respiratory infections and asthma relief.
  • Traditionally used to expel intestinal worms and treat malaria.

Constituents

  • Quassinoids (ailanthone)
  • Alkaloids
  • Flavonoids
  • Tannins
  • Saponins

Actions

  • Astringent
  • Antimicrobial
  • Antispasmodic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anthelmintic (expels worms)

Medicinal Uses

1. Gastrointestinal Health:
Traditionally used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and intestinal infections due to its astringent and antimicrobial effects.

2. Respiratory Support:
The bark and leaves help relieve coughs, bronchitis, and asthma by reducing inflammation and spasm in the respiratory tract.

3. Antimicrobial and Antifungal:
Ailanthus has demonstrated effectiveness against various bacterial and fungal infections.

4. Antiparasitic Effects:
Historically used to expel intestinal worms and manage parasitic infections.

5. Skin Conditions:
Applied topically to treat boils, abscesses, and inflammatory skin conditions.

Preparation and Dosage

Decoction:

  • Simmer 1-2 tsp of dried bark in water for 10-15 minutes. Strain and drink 1-2 times daily.

Tincture:

  • 2-5 ml of tincture taken 2-3 times daily.

Poultice:

  • Apply mashed fresh leaves or bark to boils or skin infections.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Avoid due to potential uterine stimulation and toxicity.
  • Toxicity: High doses can cause gastrointestinal upset, headaches, and nausea.
  • Allergic Reactions: Possible in sensitive individuals.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Chinese Medicine: Clears heat and dampness, cools blood, and calms the liver.

Combinations

  • For Gastrointestinal Infections: Combine with goldenseal and blackberry root.
  • For Respiratory Health: Combine with mullein and thyme.
  • For Antiparasitic Use: Combine with wormwood and black walnut.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Bark and leaves are harvested during the growing season when the plant’s medicinal compounds are at their peak.
  • Drying: Dry in a warm, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.
  • Storage: Store dried plant materials in an airtight container in a cool, dark place.

Modern Research

Studies have demonstrated ailanthus’s antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiparasitic properties. Ongoing research is focused on its potential role in treating infections and parasitic diseases.

Ailanthus altissima remains a valuable herb in traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for digestive, respiratory, and parasitic concerns. Caution is advised due to its potential toxicity in high doses.