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Fish Berry (Anamirta cocculus)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Menispermaceae
  • Common Names: Fish Berry, Cocculus Indicus, Levant Nut
  • Parts Used: Seeds, bark, root

Description

Anamirta cocculus is a large climbing shrub native to Southeast Asia and India. It is primarily known for its seeds, which have been historically used to stun or kill fish, hence the name “fish berry.” Despite its toxic nature, the plant has been used cautiously in traditional medicine for its effects on the nervous system and as an antiparasitic agent.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Traditionally used to kill or stun fish in fishing practices.
  • Employed as a remedy for parasitic infections and lice infestations.
  • Used in small doses to treat neuralgia, muscle pain, and convulsions.

Constituents

  • Picrotoxin (a toxic sesquiterpene lactone)
  • Menispermine
  • Anamirine
  • Fatty oils
  • Alkaloids

Actions

  • Nervine (affects the nervous system)
  • Antispasmodic
  • Antiparasitic
  • Insecticidal
  • Stimulant
  • Sedative (in specific doses)

Medicinal Uses

1. Nervous System Support:
Historically used in very small, controlled doses to alleviate neuralgia, seizures, and muscle spasms.

2. Antiparasitic and Insecticidal Effects:
Applied externally to treat lice, scabies, and other parasitic skin conditions.

3. Digestive Aid:
In some traditional practices, small amounts were used to relieve indigestion and intestinal worms.

4. Muscle Relaxant:
Its antispasmodic properties help relieve muscle cramps and spasms.

5. Insect Control:
The powdered seeds were traditionally used as an insect repellent and insecticide.

Preparation and Dosage

Tincture:

  • Highly diluted and used only under medical supervision.

Topical Application:

  • Infused oil or paste can be applied to affected skin areas for lice or scabies.

Poultice:

  • Crushed seeds mixed with a carrier oil can be applied to relieve localized pain or itching.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Toxicity: Anamirta cocculus is highly toxic, particularly due to its picrotoxin content. It should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Avoid use due to its toxic effects.
  • Overdose: Symptoms of toxicity include dizziness, nausea, convulsions, and respiratory depression.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Southeast Asian Medicine: Warming and stimulating, used cautiously to treat stagnant conditions and parasitic infections.

Combinations

  • For Neuralgia: Combine with valerian and skullcap (under supervision).
  • For Parasites: Combine with neem and black walnut.
  • For Muscle Relaxation: Combine with chamomile and ginger.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Seeds are collected when fully mature. Bark and roots can be harvested during the plant’s dormant season.
  • Drying: Dry plant materials in a warm, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.
  • Storage: Store dried materials in an airtight container in a cool, dark place.

Modern Research

Research into Anamirta cocculus focuses on its picrotoxin content and its effects on the nervous system, as well as its potential for treating lice and other parasitic conditions. However, its toxicity limits widespread medical use.

Fish berry remains a powerful herb used with caution in traditional medicine, primarily for its antiparasitic and nervine effects. Extreme care is necessary due to its toxicity.