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Jack-in-the-Pulpit (Arisaema spp.)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Araceae
  • Common Names: Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Cobra Lily, Green Dragon
  • Parts Used: Rhizome (processed), tubers

Description

Arisaema spp. are perennial herbs native to North America and Asia, known for their unique hooded flowers and distinctive appearance. Traditionally used in Chinese and Indigenous medicine, the plant has powerful expectorant and analgesic properties but must be carefully processed due to its toxic raw state.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (as Tian Nan Xing) to treat coughs, phlegm buildup, and swelling.
  • Indigenous North American tribes used it as an external poultice for wounds and swelling.
  • Employed for its pain-relieving and expectorant properties when properly prepared.

Constituents

  • Calcium oxalate crystals (toxic in raw form)
  • Saponins
  • Alkaloids
  • Resins

Actions

  • Expectorant
  • Antispasmodic
  • Analgesic
  • Antirheumatic
  • Emmenagogue (stimulates menstruation)

Medicinal Uses

1. Respiratory Support:
Used in TCM to help expel mucus and relieve coughs, particularly for excessive dampness and phlegm in the lungs.

2. Pain and Inflammation Relief:
Applied externally, it has been used for joint pain, swelling, and bruises.

3. Nervous System Support:
Historically used in small doses for nervous system conditions and convulsions.

4. Menstrual Health:
Traditionally used to promote menstruation, but should be used cautiously.

Preparation and Dosage

Decoction (ONLY AFTER PROPER PROCESSING):

  • 1-3 grams of dried, processed rhizome in decoction form. Do not use raw plant material.

Poultice:

  • Used externally for swelling and inflammation after being properly dried and neutralized.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Toxicity: Raw plant material is highly irritating due to calcium oxalate crystals. Must be dried and processed before use.
  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Avoid use due to emmenagogue properties.
  • Allergic Reactions: May cause skin irritation if handled raw.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Chinese Medicine: Hot and drying, used to dispel cold and dampness.

Combinations

  • For Phlegm and Cough Relief: Combine with pinellia and ginger.
  • For Joint Pain: Combine with turmeric and frankincense.
  • For Nervous System Support: Combine with skullcap and valerian.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Rhizomes are collected in late summer or fall.
  • Drying: Must be dried and processed to remove toxicity.
  • Storage: Store in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

Modern Research

Studies indicate Arisaema spp. possess anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties, with ongoing research into their applications in lung health and pain relief.

Jack-in-the-Pulpit remains a valuable but highly potent herb in traditional medicine, requiring careful preparation for safe use.