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Annatto (Bixa orellana)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Bixaceae
  • Common Names: Annatto, Achiote, Lipstick Tree
  • Parts Used: Seeds, leaves, roots

Description

Bixa orellana is a tropical shrub or small tree native to Central and South America. It is widely known for its bright red seeds, which are used as a natural coloring agent in food and traditional medicine. Annatto has been valued for its antimicrobial, digestive, and skin-supporting properties, as well as its high antioxidant content.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used by Indigenous Amazonian cultures for wound healing and as an anti-inflammatory agent.
  • Traditionally employed as a digestive tonic and liver protector.
  • Applied as a skin treatment for burns, rashes, and insect bites.

Constituents

  • Carotenoids (bixin, norbixin)
  • Tannins
  • Flavonoids
  • Essential oils
  • Alkaloids

Actions

  • Antioxidant
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Antimicrobial
  • Hepatoprotective (liver-supporting)
  • Digestive stimulant
  • Skin protective

Medicinal Uses

1. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Support:
Annatto seeds are rich in carotenoids, which help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.

2. Digestive and Liver Health:
Traditionally used to support liver detoxification and improve digestion, annatto helps regulate bile flow and gut health.

3. Skin and Wound Healing:
Applied topically or consumed, annatto supports skin regeneration, soothes burns, and protects against infections.

4. Cardiovascular Support:
Its flavonoids and carotenoids may help regulate cholesterol levels and improve heart health.

5. Antimicrobial Properties:
Annatto has been used to combat bacterial and fungal infections, particularly in skin and wound care.

Preparation and Dosage

Infusion (Tea):

  • 1-2 tsp of dried leaves per cup of boiling water. Steep for 10-15 minutes and drink up to 2 times daily.

Tincture:

  • 2-5 ml of tincture taken up to 3 times daily.

Poultice or Wash:

  • Crushed seeds or leaf decoction applied externally for skin protection and wound healing.

Culinary Use:

  • Annatto seeds are commonly used as a spice and natural coloring agent in food preparation.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Generally considered safe in culinary amounts; medicinal use should be guided by a practitioner.
  • Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience skin irritation or sensitivity.
  • Blood Sugar Levels: May have a mild effect on blood sugar regulation, so diabetics should monitor use.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Amazonian Medicine: Cooling and protective, supports digestion, liver, and skin health.

Combinations

  • For Liver Support: Combine with milk thistle and dandelion.
  • For Digestive Health: Combine with ginger and fennel.
  • For Skin Healing: Combine with calendula and plantain.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Seeds are collected from mature pods and dried for later use.
  • Drying: Air dry in a shaded, well-ventilated area.
  • Storage: Store dried seeds and leaves in an airtight container away from moisture and light.

Modern Research

Studies confirm Bixa orellana’s antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective properties, supporting its traditional use in skin, liver, and digestive health.

Annatto remains a valuable herb in traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for skin protection, digestive support, and antioxidant benefits.