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Threeleaf Goldthread (Coptis trifolia)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Ranunculaceae
  • Common Names: Threeleaf Goldthread, Northern Goldthread, Creeping Goldthread
  • Parts Used: Rhizome, leaves

Description

Coptis trifolia is a small, low-growing perennial herb native to North America, particularly in cool, damp forested regions. It is closely related to Coptis chinensis and is known for its bitter, yellow rhizome, which has been traditionally used for its antimicrobial, digestive, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used by Indigenous North American tribes as a remedy for digestive ailments and infections.
  • Traditionally employed to treat mouth sores, sore throats, and gum disease due to its antimicrobial effects.
  • Applied as a liver tonic and general detoxifier.

Constituents

  • Berberine
  • Coptisine
  • Palmatine
  • Flavonoids
  • Alkaloids

Actions

  • Antimicrobial
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Bitter tonic
  • Astringent
  • Hepatoprotective
  • Digestive stimulant

Medicinal Uses

1. Digestive Health:
Threeleaf Goldthread has been traditionally used to improve digestion, relieve gastritis, and ease symptoms of indigestion and bloating.

2. Oral and Throat Infections:
Due to its strong antimicrobial properties, it has been used for treating gum infections, canker sores, and sore throats.

3. Liver and Detoxification Support:
Traditionally used as a bitter tonic to stimulate liver function and bile production, promoting detoxification.

4. Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing:
Used externally to aid in healing minor wounds, infections, and inflammatory skin conditions.

5. Immune System Support:
Acts as a natural immune booster due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Preparation and Dosage

Infusion (Tea):

  • 1-2 tsp of dried rhizome per cup of boiling water. Steep for 10-15 minutes and drink up to 2 times daily.

Tincture:

  • 2-4 ml of tincture taken up to 3 times daily.

Mouthwash/Gargle:

  • A diluted decoction can be used as a gargle for sore throats and oral infections.

Topical Application:

  • Infused into salves or washes for wound care and inflammatory skin conditions.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Avoid use unless advised by a healthcare provider.
  • Bitter Effects: May cause nausea in sensitive individuals when consumed in high doses.
  • Long-Term Use: Prolonged use of berberine-containing herbs may affect gut microbiota and liver function.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Western Herbalism: Cooling and drying; supports digestion, detoxification, and immune function.
  • Indigenous North American Medicine: Used for digestive ailments, infections, and wound healing.

Combinations

  • For Digestive Support: Combine with ginger and dandelion.
  • For Liver Health: Combine with milk thistle and burdock root.
  • For Oral Health: Combine with goldenseal and myrrh.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Rhizomes are collected in early spring or autumn when the plant is most potent.
  • Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area.
  • Storage: Store dried plant material in an airtight container away from light and moisture.

Modern Research

Studies confirm Coptis trifolia’s antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and digestive-supporting properties, reinforcing its traditional medicinal uses.

Threeleaf Goldthread remains a valuable herb in traditional and modern medicine, particularly for digestive health, detoxification, and immune support.