Galbanum (Ferula gummosa syn. Ferula galbaniflua)

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Botanical Information

• Family: Apiaceae
• Common Names: Galbanum, Persian Galbanum, Ferula Resin
• Parts Used: Resin (gum exudate from the root and stem)

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Description

Ferula gummosa is a perennial herb native to Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. The plant produces a gum resin known as galbanum, which has been used in medicine, perfumery, and religious rituals since antiquity. Traditionally, it has been valued for its antimicrobial, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Historical and Traditional Uses

• Used in Ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Persian medicine for wound healing, infections, and respiratory conditions.
• Traditionally employed as a digestive aid and carminative.
• Utilized in incense and perfumery for its distinct aromatic qualities.
• Applied topically for joint pain, wounds, and skin conditions.

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Constituents

• Terpenoids (including pinene and limonene)
• Resin acids
• Essential oils
• Gum (polysaccharides)
• Coumarins

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Actions

• Antimicrobial
• Anti-inflammatory
• Antispasmodic
• Expectorant
• Carminative
• Nervine

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Medicinal Uses

1. Respiratory Support:
Traditionally used as an expectorant for bronchitis, congestion, and respiratory infections.

2. Digestive Aid:
Helps reduce bloating, gas, and indigestion by relaxing smooth muscles in the digestive tract.

3. Wound Healing and Skin Care:
Applied topically for wounds, skin infections, and inflammatory conditions.

4. Muscular and Joint Pain Relief:
Used in balms and liniments for arthritis, muscle spasms, and rheumatic pain.

5. Nervous System Support:
Traditionally used to reduce stress, anxiety, and nervous tension.

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Preparation and Dosage

Infusion (Tea):

• 1-2 tsp of dried resin per cup of boiling water. Steep for 10-15 minutes and drink up to twice daily.

Tincture:

• 1-3 ml taken up to 3 times daily.

Essential Oil:

• 1-2 drops diluted in a carrier oil for massage or inhalation.

Poultice (Topical Use):

• Mixed with a carrier oil or clay for application to wounds and sore muscles.

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Precautions and Contraindications

• Pregnancy and Lactation: Not recommended due to potential uterine-stimulating effects.
• Skin Sensitivity: May cause irritation when applied topically in concentrated form.
• Medication Interactions: May enhance the effects of anticoagulants and sedatives.
• High Doses: Can cause digestive upset and nausea if overused.

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Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

• Traditional Western Herbalism: Warming and drying; supports digestion, circulation, and respiratory health.
• Traditional Persian Medicine: Used as a cleansing and fortifying remedy.
• Ayurveda: Primarily balances Kapha and Vata, but may increase Pitta in excess.

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Combinations

• For Respiratory Support: Combine with licorice root and mullein.
• For Joint and Muscle Relief: Combine with frankincense and turmeric.
• For Digestive Health: Combine with fennel and ginger.

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Harvesting and Storage

• Harvesting: Resin is collected from the root and stem exudate during the summer.
• Drying: Naturally air-dried before use.
• Storage: Store resin or essential oil in an airtight container away from moisture and light.

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Modern Research

Studies confirm Ferula gummosa’s antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties, reinforcing its traditional applications.

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Galbanum remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for respiratory health, wound healing, and nervous system support.