Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis)

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Botanical Information

• Family: Moraceae
• Common Names: Banyan Tree, Indian Banyan, Vat Vriksha
• Parts Used: Bark, aerial roots, leaves, latex, fruit

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Description

Ficus benghalensis is a massive, evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent. It is known for its unique aerial prop roots that grow into additional trunks, forming expansive canopies. Revered in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine, various parts of the tree are used for their medicinal properties, particularly in treating digestive issues, diabetes, and skin conditions.

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Historical and Traditional Uses

• Used in Ayurveda as a tonic for overall health and vitality.
• Traditionally applied to treat wounds, ulcers, and skin disorders.
• Consumed for managing blood sugar levels and improving digestion.
• Employed as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent for oral health and diarrhea.

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Constituents

• Flavonoids
• Tannins
• Alkaloids
• Terpenoids
• Saponins
• Polyphenols
• Vitamins and minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron)

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Actions

• Antidiabetic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Astringent
• Wound healing
• Antibacterial
• Digestive tonic
• Immunomodulatory

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Medicinal Uses

1. Blood Sugar Regulation:
The bark and aerial roots have been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine to help manage diabetes by regulating blood sugar levels.

2. Wound Healing and Skin Care:
The latex and leaves are applied externally to promote wound healing, reduce inflammation, and treat skin infections.

3. Digestive Health:
Banyan bark is used as an astringent to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and gastrointestinal inflammation.

4. Oral Health:
Chewing on aerial roots is believed to strengthen gums and prevent oral infections.

5. Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Support:
The bark and latex contain bioactive compounds that help modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation.

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Preparation and Dosage

Decoction (Tea):

• 5-10 grams of dried bark boiled in 2 cups of water, reduced to one cup; consumed up to twice daily.

Tincture:

• 2-4 ml taken up to 3 times daily.

Poultice (Topical Use):

• Fresh latex or crushed leaves applied to wounds and skin irritations.

Chewing Aerial Roots:

• Traditionally chewed for oral hygiene and gum strengthening.

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Precautions and Contraindications

• Pregnancy and Lactation: Use with caution; consult a healthcare professional before use.
• Latex Sensitivity: May cause skin irritation in some individuals.
• Blood Sugar Medications: Can enhance the effects of diabetic medications; monitor blood glucose levels.
• Gastrointestinal Sensitivity: High doses may cause constipation due to its astringent nature.

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Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

• Ayurveda: Balances Kapha and Pitta, but may increase Vata in excess.
• Traditional Western Herbalism: Cooling and astringent, used primarily for skin, digestion, and immune health.
• Unani Medicine: Considered a tonic for digestion and vitality.

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Combinations

• For Digestive Health: Combine with fennel and ginger.
• For Wound Healing: Combine with neem and turmeric.
• For Blood Sugar Balance: Combine with bitter melon and gymnema.

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Harvesting and Storage

• Harvesting: Bark, leaves, and aerial roots are collected throughout the year.
• Drying: Air dry in a shaded, well-ventilated area.
• Storage: Store dried plant material in an airtight container away from moisture and light.

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Modern Research

Studies suggest Ficus benghalensis has anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, reinforcing its traditional medicinal applications.

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Banyan Tree remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for metabolic health, digestive support, and wound healing.