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Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Ericaceae
  • Common Names: Bilberry, European Blueberry, Whortleberry
  • Parts Used: Berries, leaves

Description

Bilberry is a low-growing shrub native to Europe and parts of North America, producing small, dark blue berries. Known for its high anthocyanin content, bilberry has been traditionally used to improve vision, support cardiovascular health, and promote antioxidant protection.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in traditional European herbal medicine for improving night vision and treating eye strain.
  • Traditionally consumed as a remedy for diarrhea and digestive issues.
  • Employed during World War II by British pilots to enhance night vision.

Constituents

  • Anthocyanins (delphinidin, cyanidin)
  • Flavonoids
  • Tannins
  • Vitamins (A, C, K)
  • Pectin
  • Resveratrol

Actions

  • Antioxidant
  • Vasoprotective (protects blood vessels)
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Astringent
  • Antimicrobial
  • Hypoglycemic (blood sugar-lowering)

Medicinal Uses

1. Eye Health and Vision Support:
Bilberry is renowned for improving night vision, reducing eye strain, and preventing conditions like macular degeneration and cataracts.

2. Cardiovascular Health:
The flavonoids in bilberry help strengthen capillaries and improve blood circulation, supporting heart health and reducing the risk of varicose veins.

3. Antioxidant Protection:
Bilberry’s high anthocyanin content protects cells from oxidative stress and inflammation, which may help prevent chronic diseases.

4. Blood Sugar Regulation:
Bilberry can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity, making it beneficial for managing diabetes.

5. Digestive Health:
The astringent tannins soothe diarrhea, reduce gut inflammation, and support overall gastrointestinal function.

6. Skin and Wound Healing:
Topically applied, bilberry extracts promote wound healing and help soothe inflamed or irritated skin.

Preparation and Dosage

Infusion (Tea):

  • 1-2 tsp of dried bilberry leaves or berries per cup of boiling water. Steep for 10-15 minutes and drink 1-2 times daily.

Tincture:

  • 2-5 ml of bilberry tincture, taken 2-3 times daily.

Capsules:

  • 300-600 mg of standardized extract (25% anthocyanins), taken 1-2 times daily.

Topical Use:

  • Apply bilberry-infused oil or cream to wounds, rashes, or inflamed skin.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Consult a healthcare provider before use.
  • Bleeding Disorders: High doses may slow blood clotting; use with caution if on anticoagulant medications.
  • Medication Interactions: May enhance the effects of blood thinners and diabetes medications.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional European Medicine: Cooling and drying, bilberry is used to reduce inflammation and strengthen tissues.
  • Ayurvedic: Helps balance excess pitta and kapha while mildly stimulating vata.

Combinations

  • For Eye Health: Combine with eyebright and ginkgo biloba.
  • For Cardiovascular Support: Combine with hawthorn and garlic.
  • For Digestive Relief: Combine with chamomile and peppermint.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Berries are harvested in late summer when fully ripe, while leaves are collected in spring and early summer.
  • Drying: Dry berries and leaves in a warm, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.
  • Storage: Store dried material in an airtight container in a cool, dark place.

Modern Research

Studies have confirmed bilberry’s role in improving vision, reducing inflammation, and supporting cardiovascular health. Ongoing research is exploring its potential for managing metabolic disorders and oxidative stress.

Bilberry remains a valued herb in traditional and modern herbal medicine, offering support for vision, cardiovascular health, and antioxidant protection.