Bistort (Polygonum bistorta)

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Botanical Information

• Family: Polygonaceae
• Common Names: Bistort, Snakeweed, Adderwort, Easter Giant
• Parts Used: Root, Leaves

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Description

Polygonum bistorta, commonly known as Bistort, is a perennial herb native to Europe and Asia. It has been widely used in traditional European and Asian herbal medicine for its astringent, anti-inflammatory, and hemostatic properties. The root is particularly valued for treating digestive issues, wound healing, and excessive bleeding.

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Historical and Traditional Uses

• Used in medieval European medicine to treat wounds and internal bleeding.
• Traditionally employed for digestive ailments, including diarrhea and dysentery.
• Used as a gargle for sore throats and oral infections.
• Applied externally for skin conditions, ulcers, and cuts.
• Consumed as a vegetable in some regions due to its edible leaves.

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Constituents

• Tannins (gallotannins, ellagitannins)
• Flavonoids
• Alkaloids
• Starch
• Essential oils

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Actions

• Astringent
• Anti-inflammatory
• Hemostatic (Stops bleeding)
• Antimicrobial
• Digestive tonic

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Medicinal Uses

1. Digestive Health:
Bistort root is commonly used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and inflammatory bowel conditions due to its astringent action.

2. Wound Healing and Hemostasis:
Traditionally applied as a poultice or powder to stop bleeding and promote tissue repair.

3. Oral and Throat Health:
Used as a gargle to treat sore throats, mouth ulcers, and gum infections.

4. Skin Conditions:
Applied externally for eczema, rashes, ulcers, and skin irritations.

5. Respiratory Support:
Used for mild respiratory infections and inflammation in traditional medicine.

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Preparation and Dosage

Decoction (Tea from Root):

• 1 tsp of dried root per cup of water. Simmer for 15-20 minutes. Drink up to twice daily.

Tincture:

• 2-5 ml taken up to twice daily.

Gargle (For Oral Health):

• Prepare a decoction and use as a mouth rinse for sore throats and gum infections.

Poultice (Topical Use):

• Crushed root or powdered form applied to wounds and inflamed skin areas.

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Precautions and Contraindications

• Pregnancy and Lactation: Consult a healthcare provider before use.
• Constipation: High tannin content may contribute to constipation in sensitive individuals.
• Iron Absorption: May inhibit iron absorption if consumed in large amounts.
• Long-Term Use: Prolonged use of high-tannin herbs may impact nutrient absorption.

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Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

• Traditional Western Herbalism: Cooling and drying; supports wound healing and digestion.
• Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Clears heat, reduces dampness, and supports blood stagnation.
• Ayurveda: Balances Pitta and Kapha, but may aggravate Vata in excess.

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Combinations

• For Digestive Support: Combine with chamomile and ginger.
• For Wound Healing: Combine with calendula and plantain.
• For Oral Health: Combine with sage and myrrh.

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Harvesting and Storage

• Harvesting: Root is collected in late autumn when the plant is dormant.
• Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.
• Storage: Store dried root in airtight containers away from moisture and heat.

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Modern Research

Studies confirm Polygonum bistorta’s astringent, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties, reinforcing its traditional applications.

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Bistort remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for digestive health, wound care, and oral hygiene.