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Cajeput (Melaleuca leucadendron)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Myrtaceae
  • Common Names: Cajeput, White Tea Tree, Swamp Tea Tree
  • Parts Used: Leaves, essential oil

Description

Melaleuca leucadendron, commonly known as cajeput, is an evergreen tree native to Southeast Asia and Australia. The tree is closely related to tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and is valued for its essential oil, which has potent antiseptic, expectorant, and analgesic properties. Traditionally used in Southeast Asian and Ayurvedic medicine, cajeput is particularly beneficial for respiratory, skin, and muscular health.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in traditional Southeast Asian medicine as an antiseptic and expectorant for colds and respiratory infections.
  • Employed in Ayurvedic medicine for pain relief and wound healing.
  • Applied externally for muscle aches, joint pain, and insect bites.
  • Used as an inhalant for clearing nasal and chest congestion.

Constituents

  • Cineole (Eucalyptol)
  • Terpinen-4-ol
  • Alpha-pinene
  • Limonene
  • Flavonoids

Actions

  • Antiseptic
  • Expectorant
  • Analgesic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Antifungal
  • Stimulant

Medicinal Uses

1. Respiratory Health:
Cajeput oil is traditionally used for colds, bronchitis, sinusitis, and asthma. Its expectorant properties help clear mucus and ease breathing.

2. Pain Relief and Muscle Relaxation:
Applied topically, cajeput oil relieves joint and muscle pain, making it beneficial for arthritis, rheumatism, and muscle strains.

3. Skin and Wound Healing:
Due to its antiseptic properties, it is applied to wounds, acne, insect bites, and fungal infections.

4. Fever Reduction:
Used in traditional medicine as a cooling agent to reduce fever.

5. Insect Repellent:
Cajeput oil is commonly used to repel mosquitoes and other insects.

Preparation and Dosage

Steam Inhalation (Respiratory Support):

  • Add 3-5 drops of essential oil to a bowl of hot water, cover the head with a towel, and inhale deeply for 5-10 minutes.

Massage Oil (Pain Relief):

  • Dilute 3-5 drops of cajeput essential oil in 1 tablespoon of carrier oil (e.g., coconut or almond oil) and apply to sore muscles or joints.

Topical Application (Skin Care):

  • Mix with a carrier oil or ointment and apply to wounds, bites, or fungal infections.

Bath Soak (Aromatherapy & Muscle Relaxation):

  • Add 5-10 drops of cajeput essential oil to a warm bath.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Not recommended for internal use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • Skin Sensitivity: May cause irritation if applied undiluted; always dilute with a carrier oil.
  • Asthma or Respiratory Conditions: Inhalation may trigger sensitivity in some individuals with asthma.
  • Children: Avoid direct application of essential oil on young children.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Southeast Asian Medicine: Used to clear excess heat and phlegm, and to stimulate circulation.
  • Ayurveda: Primarily balances Kapha and Vata, but excessive use may aggravate Pitta.
  • Traditional Western Herbalism: Used as an expectorant, antiseptic, and pain reliever.

Combinations

  • For Respiratory Support: Combine with eucalyptus and thyme.
  • For Pain Relief: Combine with wintergreen and peppermint.
  • For Skin Health: Combine with tea tree and lavender.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Leaves are collected throughout the year for essential oil extraction.
  • Drying: Leaves can be air-dried before steam distillation.
  • Storage: Store essential oil in a dark glass bottle, away from heat and sunlight.

Modern Research

Studies confirm Melaleuca leucadendron’s antimicrobial, expectorant, and analgesic properties, reinforcing its traditional uses.

Cajeput remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for respiratory health, pain relief, and skin care.