Cotton Root Bark (Gossypium herbaceum)

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Botanical Information

• Family: Malvaceae
• Common Names: Cotton Root Bark, Levant Cotton, Arabian Cotton
• Parts Used: Root bark, seeds, oil

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Description

Gossypium herbaceum is a species of cotton plant native to Africa and Asia. While primarily cultivated for its fiber, the root bark has a long history in traditional medicine for its emmenagogue, uterine tonic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The seeds and oil have also been used for various health benefits, particularly for skin and metabolic health.

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Historical and Traditional Uses

• Used in traditional African and Middle Eastern medicine to stimulate menstruation and support reproductive health.
• Employed in herbal medicine as a uterine tonic and labor aid.
• Traditionally used for inflammatory conditions, particularly joint pain and respiratory congestion.
• Cottonseed oil has been used for cardiovascular health and as a skin emollient.

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Constituents

• Gossypol (polyphenolic compound)
• Flavonoids
• Alkaloids
• Tannins
• Essential fatty acids (from seeds)
• Mucilage

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Actions

• Emmenagogue (stimulates menstruation)
• Uterine tonic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Expectorant
• Analgesic
• Astringent

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Medicinal Uses

1. Female Reproductive Health:
Cotton root bark has been traditionally used to regulate menstrual cycles, ease painful periods, and as a labor aid.

2. Anti-Inflammatory and Pain Relief:
Applied externally or taken as a decoction for joint pain, rheumatism, and inflammatory conditions.

3. Respiratory Health:
Used as an expectorant for relieving congestion and aiding in coughs and bronchitis.

4. Skin and Wound Healing:
Cottonseed oil is used as a moisturizer and to aid in wound healing.

5. Cardiovascular Support:
Cottonseed oil has been studied for its role in lowering cholesterol and supporting heart health.

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Preparation and Dosage

Decoction:

• 1-2 tsp of dried root bark per cup of water. Simmer for 15-20 minutes and drink up to twice daily.

Tincture:

• 2-4 ml taken up to 3 times daily.

Poultice (Topical Use):

• Crushed fresh bark applied to affected areas for pain relief and inflammation.

Cottonseed Oil:

• Used in cooking or applied topically for skin nourishment.

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Precautions and Contraindications

• Pregnancy and Lactation: Avoid use due to its uterine-stimulating effects.
• Male Fertility: Gossypol has been linked to reduced sperm production in high doses.
• Toxicity: Excessive use of raw cottonseed products may be harmful; ensure proper preparation.
• Allergies: Individuals allergic to cotton fibers may also be sensitive to its medicinal preparations.

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Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

• Traditional Western Herbalism: Warming and drying; supports female reproductive health, inflammation reduction, and circulation.
• Traditional African and Middle Eastern Medicine: Used for menstrual regulation, pain relief, and respiratory conditions.
• Ayurveda: Primarily balances Kapha and Vata, but excessive use may aggravate Pitta.

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Combinations

• For Menstrual Support: Combine with blue cohosh and ginger.
• For Pain Relief: Combine with white willow bark and turmeric.
• For Respiratory Health: Combine with mullein and licorice root.

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Harvesting and Storage

• Harvesting: Root bark is collected in late autumn and dried for medicinal use.
• Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area.
• Storage: Store dried root bark in airtight containers away from moisture and light.

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Modern Research

Studies confirm Gossypium herbaceum’s emmenagogue, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular properties, reinforcing its traditional applications.

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Cotton Root Bark remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for female reproductive health, pain relief, and cardiovascular support.