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Croton (Croton spp.)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Euphorbiaceae
  • Common Names: Croton, Sangre de Drago (Dragon’s Blood Croton), Cascarilla
  • Parts Used: Bark, seeds, resin, leaves

Description

Croton is a diverse genus of trees and shrubs found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Some species, such as Croton lechleri (Dragon’s Blood), produce a red resin with medicinal properties, while others, such as Croton tiglium, are known for their purgative effects. The genus contains species with potent bioactive compounds, making it important in traditional and modern medicine.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in Amazonian medicine as a wound healer and anti-inflammatory agent.
  • Employed in Traditional Chinese Medicine (Croton tiglium) as a strong purgative.
  • Applied in Ayurvedic medicine for digestive and detoxification purposes.

Constituents

  • Alkaloids
  • Diterpenes
  • Lignans
  • Tannins
  • Essential oils
  • Resin (in C. lechleri)

Actions

  • Purgative (specific species)
  • Antimicrobial
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Wound healing
  • Astringent
  • Immune modulating

Medicinal Uses

1. Wound Healing and Skin Care:
Croton lechleri resin (Dragon’s Blood) is applied topically to cuts, wounds, and burns to promote healing and reduce infection risk.

2. Digestive and Detoxification Support:
Some Croton species are used for their strong laxative effects, particularly C. tiglium, which has historically been used for detoxification.

3. Antimicrobial and Immune Support:
Compounds in Croton species have shown antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, making them useful for immune system support.

4. Anti-Inflammatory and Pain Relief:
Traditional medicine employs Croton extracts to reduce inflammation and relieve pain, particularly in musculoskeletal conditions.

5. Respiratory Health:
Some Croton species have been used to clear phlegm and support respiratory function.

Preparation and Dosage

⚠ Due to variability in species and potency, Croton remedies should be used with professional guidance.

Resin Application:

  • C. lechleri resin can be applied directly to wounds or diluted for internal use.

Tincture:

  • 2-5 ml of diluted tincture (species-dependent) taken up to 3 times daily under supervision.

Infusion (Tea – Milder Species):

  • 1 tsp of dried leaves per cup of boiling water. Steep for 10-15 minutes and drink up to twice daily.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Purgative Effects: C. tiglium seeds are highly purgative and should not be consumed without professional guidance.
  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Avoid use unless prescribed by a qualified practitioner.
  • Skin Sensitivity: Some Croton species may cause skin irritation.
  • Toxicity Risks: Certain Croton species are toxic if improperly prepared or dosed.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): C. tiglium is considered warming and strong in purgative actions.
  • Amazonian Medicine: C. lechleri is cooling and astringent, promoting wound healing and immune balance.
  • Ayurveda: Stimulating and detoxifying; balances Kapha but may aggravate Pitta and Vata in excess.

Combinations

  • For Wound Healing: Combine C. lechleri with calendula and aloe vera.
  • For Digestive Support: Combine mild Croton species with ginger and fennel.
  • For Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Combine with turmeric and boswellia.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Resin, bark, or seeds are collected seasonally depending on the species.
  • Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area.
  • Storage: Store dried plant material in an airtight container away from light and moisture.

Modern Research

Studies confirm Croton species’ wound-healing, antimicrobial, and immune-supportive properties, reinforcing their traditional medicinal uses.

Croton remains a potent and diverse genus in traditional and modern medicine, valued for its wound-healing, antimicrobial, and detoxifying properties.