Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)

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Botanical Information

• Family: Caprifoliaceae
• Common Names: Elderberry, European Elder, Black Elder
• Parts Used: Berries, flowers, leaves (with caution), bark (with caution)

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Description

Elderberry is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. Known for its dark purple berries and fragrant flowers, it has a long history of use in traditional medicine, particularly for its immune-boosting and antiviral properties.

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Historical and Traditional Uses

• Used in traditional European herbal medicine for colds, flu, and respiratory infections.
• The flowers were traditionally brewed into teas to relieve fevers and promote sweating.
• Native American tribes used elderberry to treat fevers, joint pain, and infections.

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Constituents

• Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin)
• Anthocyanins
• Tannins
• Vitamins (A, C)
• Essential oils
• Phenolic acids

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Actions

• Antiviral
• Immune-modulating
• Antioxidant
• Diaphoretic (promotes sweating)
• Anti-inflammatory
• Mild laxative

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Medicinal Uses

1. Immune System Support:
Elderberry is widely used to boost the immune system and reduce the severity and duration of colds, flu, and other viral infections.

2. Respiratory Health:
It helps soothe sore throats, alleviate coughs, and reduce mucus buildup in the sinuses and respiratory tract.

3. Antioxidant Protection:
The anthocyanins in elderberry protect cells from oxidative stress, supporting overall health and reducing inflammation.

4. Fever and Sweating:
Elderflowers are diaphoretic and help reduce fevers by promoting sweating.

5. Digestive Health:
Elderberry has mild laxative properties, helping to relieve occasional constipation.

6. Skin and Wound Healing:
Elderflower-infused water is used topically to soothe skin irritations, burns, and rashes.

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Preparation and Dosage

Infusion (Tea):

• 1-2 tsp of dried elderflowers per cup of boiling water. Steep for 10-15 minutes and drink 1-2 times daily.

Decoction:

• Simmer 1-2 tsp of dried elderberries in a cup of water for 10-15 minutes and drink 1-2 times daily.

Tincture:

• 2-5 ml of elderberry tincture, taken 2-3 times daily.

Syrup:

• Elderberry syrup is a popular remedy for colds and flu. Take 1-2 tbsp daily for prevention or 2-3 times daily during illness.

Topical Use:

• Elderflower-infused water can be applied to the skin for irritation and inflammation.

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Precautions and Contraindications

• Unripe Berries, Bark, and Leaves: May contain toxic compounds (cyanogenic glycosides) that can cause nausea and vomiting if consumed in large quantities.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Consult a healthcare provider before use.
• Autoimmune Conditions: Use with caution, as elderberry may stimulate the immune system.

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Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

• Traditional European Medicine: Cooling and drying, elderberry is used to dispel heat, reduce fever, and support respiratory health.
• Ayurvedic: Balancing for pitta and kapha.

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Combinations

• For Colds and Flu: Combine with echinacea and yarrow.
• For Respiratory Relief: Combine with thyme and mullein.
• For Antioxidant Support: Combine with rose hips and hibiscus.

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Harvesting and Storage

• Harvesting: Berries are harvested when fully ripe (dark purple to black). Flowers are harvested in early summer when fully open.
• Drying: Dry flowers and berries in a warm, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight.
• Storage: Store dried plant material in an airtight container in a cool, dark place.

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Modern Research

Studies have confirmed elderberry’s antiviral and immune-boosting properties, particularly in reducing the duration of colds and flu. Ongoing research is exploring its potential benefits for cardiovascular health and inflammation.

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Elderberry remains a popular and trusted herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, valued for its ability to boost the immune system, protect against viruses, and support overall health.