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European Hackberry (Celtis australis)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Ulmaceae
  • Common Names: European Hackberry, Mediterranean Hackberry, Nettle Tree
  • Parts Used: Bark, leaves, fruits

Description

Celtis australis is a deciduous tree native to Southern Europe and parts of Asia. It is known for its resilience, adaptability, and medicinal properties, particularly in traditional Mediterranean herbalism. The tree produces small edible fruits, while its bark and leaves have been used for their astringent, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in Mediterranean folk medicine for treating colds, fevers, and digestive disorders.
  • Traditionally applied as an astringent wash for wounds and skin irritations.
  • The fruits were eaten for their mild laxative and nutritive benefits.

Constituents

  • Flavonoids
  • Tannins
  • Polyphenols
  • Mucilage
  • Alkaloids

Actions

  • Astringent
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Digestive tonic
  • Antimicrobial
  • Mild laxative

Medicinal Uses

1. Digestive Support:
European Hackberry bark has been traditionally used to soothe digestive discomfort, diarrhea, and mild constipation.

2. Skin and Wound Healing:
Astringent properties make it useful as a wash for cuts, bruises, and skin rashes.

3. Fever and Cold Relief:
Infusions of the leaves have been used to alleviate symptoms of fever, colds, and respiratory ailments.

4. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits:
The fruit and leaves contain compounds that may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.

5. Nutritive and Mild Laxative Effects:
The small fruits are rich in fiber and nutrients, traditionally eaten to support digestion and general health.

Preparation and Dosage

Infusion (Tea):

  • 1-2 tsp of dried leaves per cup of boiling water. Steep for 10-15 minutes and drink up to 2 times daily.

Tincture:

  • 2-4 ml of tincture taken up to 3 times daily.

Poultice or Wash:

  • Strong decoction applied externally for wound care and skin conditions.

Culinary Use:

  • The small fruits can be eaten fresh or dried for digestive and nutritional benefits.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Limited research; use with caution.
  • Allergic Reactions: Rare but possible; discontinue use if irritation occurs.
  • Excessive Consumption: High amounts of the bark may cause digestive upset due to its astringent properties.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Mediterranean Medicine: Cooling and astringent; used to tone tissues and support digestion.

Combinations

  • For Digestive Health: Combine with fennel and chamomile.
  • For Skin Healing: Combine with calendula and plantain.
  • For Cold Relief: Combine with elderflower and thyme.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Leaves and bark are collected in spring and summer; fruits are harvested when ripe.
  • Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area.
  • Storage: Store dried plant material in an airtight container away from moisture and light.

Modern Research

Studies suggest Celtis australis has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its traditional medicinal uses.

European Hackberry remains a valuable herb in traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for digestive health, skin care, and general wellness.