Iceland Moss (Cetraria islandica)

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Botanical Information

• Family: Parmeliaceae
• Common Names: Iceland Moss, Lichen Islandicus
• Parts Used: Whole lichen

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Description

Cetraria islandica is a lichen native to Arctic and alpine regions, particularly in Iceland and Scandinavia. It has been traditionally used as a nutritive tonic, respiratory remedy, and digestive aid. Iceland Moss contains mucilaginous compounds that soothe irritated mucous membranes and bitter principles that stimulate digestion.

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Historical and Traditional Uses

• Used in Scandinavian and Icelandic medicine for respiratory conditions like coughs and bronchitis.
• Traditionally consumed as a food source in times of famine.
• Employed as a digestive tonic to support appetite and gastrointestinal health.

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Constituents

• Lichenin (a polysaccharide)
• Usnic acid
• Bitters (lichen starch)
• Mucilage
• Minerals

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Actions

• Demulcent
• Expectorant
• Bitter tonic
• Antimicrobial
• Nutritive

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Medicinal Uses

1. Respiratory Health:
Iceland Moss is traditionally used to ease coughs, bronchitis, and irritation in the throat and lungs.

2. Digestive Support:
Its bitter principles stimulate digestion and appetite, making it useful for weak digestion or convalescence.

3. Immune Support and Antimicrobial Action:
Usnic acid has been studied for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.

4. Nutritional Tonic:
Rich in mucilaginous compounds, Iceland Moss has been used as a survival food and general strengthener.

5. Mucous Membrane Support:
Soothes inflammation in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, beneficial for ulcers and gastritis.

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Preparation and Dosage

Decoction (Tea):

• 1-2 tsp of dried lichen per cup of water. Simmer for 10-15 minutes and drink up to 3 times daily.

Tincture:

• 2-5 ml of tincture taken up to 3 times daily.

Poultice or Wash:

• Strong decoction applied externally for skin conditions and wound healing.

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Precautions and Contraindications

• Pregnancy and Lactation: Use with caution due to its strong bitter properties.
• Usnic Acid Sensitivity: May cause liver toxicity in excessive doses; use in moderation.
• Thyroid Conditions: Some lichens may interfere with thyroid function; consult a healthcare provider before use.

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Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

• Traditional European Herbalism: Cooling and soothing; supports weakened digestion and lung function.

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Combinations

• For Respiratory Support: Combine with marshmallow root and licorice.
• For Digestive Health: Combine with gentian and fennel.
• For Immune Support: Combine with echinacea and reishi mushroom.

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Harvesting and Storage

• Harvesting: Collected from clean, unpolluted environments in the wild.
• Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area.
• Storage: Store dried lichen in an airtight container away from moisture and heat.

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Modern Research

Studies confirm Cetraria islandica’s expectorant, immune-supporting, and antimicrobial effects, supporting its traditional use in herbal medicine.

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Iceland Moss remains a valuable herb in traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for respiratory health, digestion, and immune support.