Myrtle (Myrtus communis)

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Botanical Information

• Family: Myrtaceae
• Common Names: Myrtle, True Myrtle, Common Myrtle
• Parts Used: Leaves, berries, flowers, essential oil

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Description

Myrtus communis is an evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean region, revered for its aromatic and medicinal properties. Traditionally used in both culinary and medicinal applications, myrtle has been valued for its antimicrobial, respiratory, and skin-healing benefits.

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Historical and Traditional Uses

• Used in Ancient Greek and Roman medicine for digestive and respiratory health.
• Employed in traditional Mediterranean herbalism for urinary tract infections and skin conditions.
• Symbolically associated with love and purity in folklore and rituals.
• Myrtle essential oil was historically used for wound healing and aromatherapy.

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Constituents

• Essential oils (myrtenol, cineole, linalool)
• Tannins
• Flavonoids
• Resins
• Alkaloids

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Actions

• Antimicrobial
• Expectorant
• Astringent
• Anti-inflammatory
• Antioxidant
• Carminative

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Medicinal Uses

1. Respiratory Health:
Myrtle is used to treat bronchitis, congestion, and sinus infections, acting as a natural expectorant.

2. Skin and Wound Healing:
Applied externally for acne, wounds, and infections due to its antimicrobial properties.

3. Digestive Support:
Traditionally used to relieve bloating, indigestion, and diarrhea.

4. Urinary Tract and Bladder Health:
Acts as a mild antiseptic for urinary infections and bladder support.

5. Mental Clarity and Relaxation:
Used in aromatherapy to promote calmness and mental clarity.

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Preparation and Dosage

Infusion (Tea):

• 1-2 tsp of dried leaves per cup of hot water. Steep for 10-15 minutes and drink up to twice daily.

Tincture:

• 2-5 ml taken up to 3 times daily.

Essential Oil (Topical Use):

• Dilute with a carrier oil (1-2%) and apply to skin or use in steam inhalation.

Poultice (Topical Use):

• Crushed fresh leaves applied to wounds and skin irritations.

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Precautions and Contraindications

• Pregnancy and Lactation: Essential oil should be used with caution; consult a healthcare provider.
• Essential Oil Sensitivity: Avoid direct skin application without dilution.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare but possible; discontinue use if irritation occurs.

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Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

• Traditional Western Herbalism: Cooling and drying; supports respiratory and digestive health.
• Traditional Mediterranean Medicine: Used as a protective and purifying herb.
• Ayurveda: Primarily balances Kapha and Vata, but excessive use may aggravate Pitta.

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Combinations

• For Respiratory Health: Combine with thyme and eucalyptus.
• For Skin Healing: Combine with calendula and lavender.
• For Digestive Support: Combine with fennel and chamomile.

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Harvesting and Storage

• Harvesting: Leaves and flowers are collected in spring and summer; berries in late summer.
• Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area.
• Storage: Store dried plant material in airtight containers away from moisture and light.

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Modern Research

Studies confirm Myrtus communis’s antimicrobial, expectorant, and antioxidant properties, reinforcing its traditional applications.

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Myrtle remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for respiratory, skin, and digestive health.