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Peony (Paeonia officinalis)

Botanical Information

  • Family: Paeoniaceae
  • Common Names: Peony, Common Peony
  • Parts Used: Root, flowers, seeds

Description

Paeonia officinalis, commonly known as peony, is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe. It has a long history of use in traditional medicine, particularly for its antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and nervous system-supporting properties. Peony is valued in both Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for its ability to ease pain, regulate menstruation, and support muscle relaxation.

Historical and Traditional Uses

  • Used in European herbal medicine for epilepsy, spasms, and nervous disorders.
  • Employed in TCM (as Bai Shao) to regulate menstruation and support liver health.
  • Traditionally used for pain relief, particularly in rheumatic conditions and menstrual cramps.
  • Historically valued for its ability to calm emotional tension and anxiety.

Constituents

  • Paeoniflorin
  • Flavonoids
  • Tannins
  • Essential oils
  • Alkaloids

Actions

  • Antispasmodic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Nervine
  • Analgesic
  • Emmenagogue
  • Hepatoprotective

Medicinal Uses

1. Nervous System Support:
Peony is used to calm the nervous system, making it beneficial for anxiety, tension, and epilepsy.

2. Menstrual and Reproductive Health:
Traditionally used to regulate menstrual cycles, relieve cramps, and support fertility.

3. Pain and Inflammation Relief:
Helpful for muscular pain, arthritis, and inflammatory conditions.

4. Liver and Detox Support:
Used in TCM to support liver function and blood circulation.

5. Skin and Wound Healing:
Applied externally for skin irritations and bruises.

Preparation and Dosage

Infusion (Tea):

  • 1-2 tsp of dried root per cup of hot water. Steep for 10-15 minutes. Drink up to twice daily.

Tincture:

  • 2-5 ml taken up to 3 times daily.

Poultice (Topical Use):

  • Crushed fresh root applied to sore muscles and wounds.

Precautions and Contraindications

  • Pregnancy: Avoid during pregnancy as it may stimulate uterine contractions.
  • Bleeding Disorders: May have mild anticoagulant effects; use cautiously with blood thinners.
  • Gastrointestinal Sensitivity: May cause mild stomach discomfort in sensitive individuals.

Energetics (Traditional Medicine Perspectives)

  • Traditional Western Herbalism: Cooling and soothing; supports nervous system, liver, and reproductive health.
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Known as Bai Shao, used to nourish blood, calm the liver, and relieve spasms.
  • Ayurveda: Primarily balances Pitta and Vata, but excessive use may aggravate Kapha.

Combinations

  • For Nervous System Support: Combine with valerian and skullcap.
  • For Menstrual Health: Combine with ginger and raspberry leaf.
  • For Pain and Inflammation: Combine with turmeric and willow bark.

Harvesting and Storage

  • Harvesting: Roots are collected in autumn; flowers are harvested during full bloom.
  • Drying: Air dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area.
  • Storage: Store dried root and flowers in airtight containers away from light and moisture.

Modern Research

Studies confirm Paeonia officinalis’s antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties, reinforcing its traditional applications.

Peony remains a valuable herb in both traditional and modern herbal medicine, particularly for nervous system support, pain relief, and menstrual regulation.